Youssefsan - User contributions [en]

User:Youssefsan/CV

2026-02-14T15:52:41Z

Youssefsan:

►►► I am a multilingual project manager (Prince2) in power grids and expert in e-mobility and demand response. Keen to improve my Chinese, German and Arabics. Interests in HV & MV, renewables, storage, strategy, geopolitics, data science, teaching, demographics.◄◄◄

With over a decade of experience as an electrical engineer and project manager, my strong points are:
* project management (definition of scope of works, setting up working groups, functional analysis, roadmapping, coaching junior colleagues, follow-up with customer and executive management, etc)
* expertise (electrical vehicles charging infrastructure, smart charging/V2G & demand response, market research and benchmarking, integration of renewables)
* experience as a grid operator (connection of renewables, scope of work for load flows, benchmarking of SCADA, design of substations)
* seven years as consultant (utility, NEOM, industrial power grid)
* multilingual. In my career, I have used professionally English, French, Dutch, Spanish and Catalan. One of my dream is to reach an intermediate level in 10 languages!
* international experience (Spain, KSA)

At NEOM Urban Mobility Team, I worked on the deployment of charging infrastructure and responsible for technical specifications for both hardware and monitoring and control software. Following the industry trends with focus on large scale deployment is also one of my tasks.

As an expert, I was often asked to give support to ENGIE business units globally (Chile, US, India, Morocco, etc) regarding technical questions (standards, smart charging, V2X, etc) but also regulatory questions (flexibility markets, standardization). I also provided training especially on e-buses and contributed to a study on greening buses of the Metropolitan Region of Florianopolis.

In the framework of Assured project, I have organized a workshop for European grid operator on mitigation of grid impacts of opportunity charging. At Laborelec, I ensured that expertise is maintained & built in the Electric Mobility Lab, and that needs of persons in his network are translated into projects and services.

Currently improving/acquiring skills on:
- distribution power grids, IEC 61850, OPC UA, high voltage hardware (15 kV)
- team management
- languages: Chinese (active), German (passive)
- calisthenics
- yoga, pancake
- quality of life and self-improvement (negotiation, willpower, etc)

Skills I would like to develop:
- Chinese, Japanese, Arabic
- Management, strategy
- Demographics
- Technical skills including in storage, renewable
- Python, data analysis and AI

User:Youssefsan/CV

2026-02-14T15:52:31Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "►►► I am a multilingual project manager (Prince2) in power grids and expert in e-mobility and demand response. Keen to improve my Chinese, German and Arabics. Interest..."

User:Youssefsan

2026-02-14T15:52:11Z

Youssefsan:

Hi. I am [https://www.linkedin.com/in/youssefoualmakran Youssef Oualmakran]. Welcome on my personal website. You will find my here some of my interests and some information presented in a subjective way. For more objective information, look at my contributions on websites such as Wikipedia. As you may have guessed, I use the nickname ''youssefsan'' on many websites. Just [[google:youssefsan|google it]].

Articles on Linkedin
#[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/catl-stellantis-open-lfp-battery-plant-near-zaragoza-spain-youssef-0n11e ''CATL and Stellantis will open an LFP battery plant near Zaragoza in Spain''], July 4, 2025

See also

* [[/conference]]: talks and presentations I gave
* [[/CV]]
* [[/publication]]s; publication I made
* [[/course]]: courses (see also [[/conference]])
* [[/degree]]: some of my degrees
* [[/certificate]]: some of my certificates
* [[/languages]]: languages I am interested in
* [[/vocabulary]]: temporary work on vocabulary, ideas for organisation
* [[/book wishlist]]: book to consider buying
* [[/book wishlist 2]]
* [[/read books]]: some books I read
* [[/library]]: some books I have or I had

Upskills
* [[/TW]] Technology watch

Todos

* [[/order]]: stuff to order
* [[/shopping]]: sutff to consider to buy
* [[/todo]] yet another todo list
* [[/todo books]] books to consider reading
* [[/todo economics]]
* [[/todo IT]] IT stuff

* [[/tmp]]: sandbox and temporary work

Publications

* ICREPQ'11 (poster): Oualmakran, Youssef ;Meléndez, Joaquim; Herraiz, Sergio, Survey on knowledge based methods to assist fault restoration in power, (Paper #617), ICREPQ-2011, (International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality), April 14, 2011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canrias, Spain.
*ICCBR-2011 (oral presentation at the doctoral consortium): Youssef Oualmakran, Case-Based Strategies for Power Restoration in Distribution Networks, ICCBR 2011, (19th International Conference on Case Based Reasoning), Doctoral Consortium, September 12, 2011, Greenwich, London, UK
*EPQU-2011 (oral presentation): Oualmakran, Youssef ; Melendez, Joaquim ; Herraiz, Sergio ; Opportunities and challenges for smart power restoration and reconfiguration smart decisions with smart grids, EPQU-2011 (Electrical Power Quality and Utilization), October 18, 2011, Lisboa, Portugal. ISBN: 978-1-4673-0379-8 , ISSN: 2150-664. I also attended the tutorial "Planning and Development of Smart Grids to Improve the Quality of Service and Sustainability", presented by EDP
* ISGT 2012 (oral presentation): Oualmakran, Youssef ; Melendez, Joaquim ; Herraiz, Sergio, Self Healing for Smart Grids: Problem formulation and Considerations, ISGT-EU-2012, October 2012, Berlin, Germany. I also attended the tutorial "Network Integration of Electric Vehicles"
* Oualmakran Youssef, De Vroey Laurent; Novak-Zdravkovic Ana; Lehfuss Felix; Hegazy, Omar, [https://zenodo.org/record/4025473#.YiN0ENXMKYk ''Mitigating the impact of high power charging of electric buses: Perspective of European distribution grid operators''], September 2020

Sport
* [[/calisthenics]]

:Languages
* [[/Japanese]]
* [[/wolof]]

Wiki

* [[Accueil]]

Help on wiki admin tasks
* http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Using_custom_namespaces
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Preventing_access#Restrict_account_creation
* https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Account_creation
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table

== Shortlist todo==
* http://www.gltt.be/praktisch/inschrijvingen/ language classes
* https://engie.taleo.net/careersection/10500/jobsearch.ftl?lang=en

== To add ==

Education:
* Cefora (Belgium)

Languages:
* [[wikipedia:Languages of the European Union]]
* https://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/onpdp/on-a-teste/detail_apprendre-une-langue-etrangere-les-nouvelles-technologies-regorgent-de-possibilites?id=9224459
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/how-to-learn-the-hardest-languages/
* http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/9-of-the-worlds-most-multilingual-countries
* http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/what-are-the-hardest-languages-to-learn
* http://www.latg.org/2015/05/6-essential-digital-language-learning-tools-that-will-turn-you-into-a-language-master.html/
* http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150528-how-to-learn-30-languages
* https://www.verbling.com/articles/7-traits-of-a-great-language-learner/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/learning-more-than-one-language-at-the-same-time/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/reading/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/an-easy-way-to-learn-foreign-languages/
* http://www.lifehack.org/271020/12-useful-tips-learn-new-language
* http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationadvice/9816185/Foreign-languages-how-to-memorise-vocabulary.html
* http://www.lingholic.com/how-many-words-can-you-memorize-a-day/
* http://thedockyards.com/linguistic-maps-of-europe/
* http://huliganov.tv/goldlist-eu/

Health:
* http://www.livestrong.com/article/103928-morning-exercise-routines/
* http://www.livestrong.com/slideshow/557563-23-secrets-from-the-worlds-best-trainers/#slide=5
* http://www.buzzfeed.com/annaborges/everything-hurts-and-im-dying

Food:
* http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=38
* http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=faq&dbid=32
Sleep:
* http://www.livestrong.com/blog/10-surprising-steps-to-a-good-nights-sleep/

Energy poverty
* http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_05_12_building_and_climbing_the_solar_energy_ladder

== Todo ==

Reading news
* http://www.germanenergyblog.de/

Update profiles
* Linkedin
* Xing
* Viadeo

* https://www.stepstone.be/5/index.cfm?event=candidateLogin

Linkedin (other tasks)
* inmail, https://www.linkedin.com/premium/manage

Check
* budget
** https://www.paypal.com/signin/
** https://www.homebank.recordbank.be

Language learning
* http://www.italki.com/
* German
** http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/mat/deindex.htm
** http://www.goethe.de/ins/be/bru/lrn/prf/gzb/deindex.htm
** http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/bes/gzb/deindex.htm

Shopping
* http://www.mydecathlon.com/mydecathlon.html?ppays=BE&langue=FR#nomPage=defaut
Qet
* http://qelectrotech.org/wiki_new/en/qet_0.4

Books
* Tony Seba, ''CLEAN DISRUPTION OF ENERGY & TRANSPORTATION. The industrial age of energy and transportation will be over by 2030. Maybe before'', http://tonyseba.com/portfolio-item/clean-disruption-of-energy-transportation/

User:Youssefsan

2026-02-14T15:52:04Z

Youssefsan:

Hi. I am [https://www.linkedin.com/in/youssefoualmakran Youssef Oualmakran]. Welcome on my personal website. You will find my here some of my interests and some information presented in a subjective way. For more objective information, look at my contributions on websites such as Wikipedia. As you may have guessed, I use the nickname ''youssefsan'' on many websites. Just [[google:youssefsan|google it]].

Articles on Linkedin
#[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/catl-stellantis-open-lfp-battery-plant-near-zaragoza-spain-youssef-0n11e ''CATL and Stellantis will open an LFP battery plant near Zaragoza in Spain''], July 4, 2025

See also

* [[/conference]]: talks and presentations I gave
* [[/CV]
* [[/publication]]s; publication I made
* [[/course]]: courses (see also [[/conference]])
* [[/degree]]: some of my degrees
* [[/certificate]]: some of my certificates
* [[/languages]]: languages I am interested in
* [[/vocabulary]]: temporary work on vocabulary, ideas for organisation
* [[/book wishlist]]: book to consider buying
* [[/book wishlist 2]]
* [[/read books]]: some books I read
* [[/library]]: some books I have or I had

Upskills
* [[/TW]] Technology watch

Todos

* [[/order]]: stuff to order
* [[/shopping]]: sutff to consider to buy
* [[/todo]] yet another todo list
* [[/todo books]] books to consider reading
* [[/todo economics]]
* [[/todo IT]] IT stuff

* [[/tmp]]: sandbox and temporary work

Publications

* ICREPQ'11 (poster): Oualmakran, Youssef ;Meléndez, Joaquim; Herraiz, Sergio, Survey on knowledge based methods to assist fault restoration in power, (Paper #617), ICREPQ-2011, (International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality), April 14, 2011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canrias, Spain.
*ICCBR-2011 (oral presentation at the doctoral consortium): Youssef Oualmakran, Case-Based Strategies for Power Restoration in Distribution Networks, ICCBR 2011, (19th International Conference on Case Based Reasoning), Doctoral Consortium, September 12, 2011, Greenwich, London, UK
*EPQU-2011 (oral presentation): Oualmakran, Youssef ; Melendez, Joaquim ; Herraiz, Sergio ; Opportunities and challenges for smart power restoration and reconfiguration smart decisions with smart grids, EPQU-2011 (Electrical Power Quality and Utilization), October 18, 2011, Lisboa, Portugal. ISBN: 978-1-4673-0379-8 , ISSN: 2150-664. I also attended the tutorial "Planning and Development of Smart Grids to Improve the Quality of Service and Sustainability", presented by EDP
* ISGT 2012 (oral presentation): Oualmakran, Youssef ; Melendez, Joaquim ; Herraiz, Sergio, Self Healing for Smart Grids: Problem formulation and Considerations, ISGT-EU-2012, October 2012, Berlin, Germany. I also attended the tutorial "Network Integration of Electric Vehicles"
* Oualmakran Youssef, De Vroey Laurent; Novak-Zdravkovic Ana; Lehfuss Felix; Hegazy, Omar, [https://zenodo.org/record/4025473#.YiN0ENXMKYk ''Mitigating the impact of high power charging of electric buses: Perspective of European distribution grid operators''], September 2020

Sport
* [[/calisthenics]]

:Languages
* [[/Japanese]]
* [[/wolof]]

Wiki

* [[Accueil]]

Help on wiki admin tasks
* http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Using_custom_namespaces
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Preventing_access#Restrict_account_creation
* https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Account_creation
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table

== Shortlist todo==
* http://www.gltt.be/praktisch/inschrijvingen/ language classes
* https://engie.taleo.net/careersection/10500/jobsearch.ftl?lang=en

== To add ==

Education:
* Cefora (Belgium)

Languages:
* [[wikipedia:Languages of the European Union]]
* https://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/onpdp/on-a-teste/detail_apprendre-une-langue-etrangere-les-nouvelles-technologies-regorgent-de-possibilites?id=9224459
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/how-to-learn-the-hardest-languages/
* http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/9-of-the-worlds-most-multilingual-countries
* http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/what-are-the-hardest-languages-to-learn
* http://www.latg.org/2015/05/6-essential-digital-language-learning-tools-that-will-turn-you-into-a-language-master.html/
* http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150528-how-to-learn-30-languages
* https://www.verbling.com/articles/7-traits-of-a-great-language-learner/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/learning-more-than-one-language-at-the-same-time/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/reading/
* http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/an-easy-way-to-learn-foreign-languages/
* http://www.lifehack.org/271020/12-useful-tips-learn-new-language
* http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationadvice/9816185/Foreign-languages-how-to-memorise-vocabulary.html
* http://www.lingholic.com/how-many-words-can-you-memorize-a-day/
* http://thedockyards.com/linguistic-maps-of-europe/
* http://huliganov.tv/goldlist-eu/

Health:
* http://www.livestrong.com/article/103928-morning-exercise-routines/
* http://www.livestrong.com/slideshow/557563-23-secrets-from-the-worlds-best-trainers/#slide=5
* http://www.buzzfeed.com/annaborges/everything-hurts-and-im-dying

Food:
* http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=38
* http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=faq&dbid=32
Sleep:
* http://www.livestrong.com/blog/10-surprising-steps-to-a-good-nights-sleep/

Energy poverty
* http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_05_12_building_and_climbing_the_solar_energy_ladder

== Todo ==

Reading news
* http://www.germanenergyblog.de/

Update profiles
* Linkedin
* Xing
* Viadeo

* https://www.stepstone.be/5/index.cfm?event=candidateLogin

Linkedin (other tasks)
* inmail, https://www.linkedin.com/premium/manage

Check
* budget
** https://www.paypal.com/signin/
** https://www.homebank.recordbank.be

Language learning
* http://www.italki.com/
* German
** http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/mat/deindex.htm
** http://www.goethe.de/ins/be/bru/lrn/prf/gzb/deindex.htm
** http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/bes/gzb/deindex.htm

Shopping
* http://www.mydecathlon.com/mydecathlon.html?ppays=BE&langue=FR#nomPage=defaut
Qet
* http://qelectrotech.org/wiki_new/en/qet_0.4

Books
* Tony Seba, ''CLEAN DISRUPTION OF ENERGY & TRANSPORTATION. The industrial age of energy and transportation will be over by 2030. Maybe before'', http://tonyseba.com/portfolio-item/clean-disruption-of-energy-transportation/

Wage

2026-01-04T15:36:44Z

Youssefsan: /* Wages per country */

Andrew Beh suggests the following formula:
: wage =
:: the profit you create
:: + expected profit you create next year
:: + likelihood to go to work for a rival company
:: + acquisition cost to replace you with similar profile
: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/uncomfortable-truth-how-much-you-get-paid-andrew-beh

== References ==
* https://www.paylab.com/
* https://www.payscale.com/

== Wages per country ==

Germany
* Finanzluss, [https://www.finanzfluss.de/ratgeber/einkommen-im-vergleich/ ''So wohlhabend bist du: Einkommen im Vergleich''], September 2025
Other
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_by_country
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_average_wage
* http://www.nwpc.dole.gov.ph/pages/statistics/stat_comparative.html
World bank
* https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-world-bank-country-classifications-income-level-2021-2022
* https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-world-bank-country-classifications-income-level-2020-2021
* https://data.worldbank.org/country

== Belgium ==
* http://www.montaxshift.be/
* RTBF, [https://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_la-moitie-des-employes-flamands-et-bruxellois-gagne-3100-euros-ou-plus?id=9897121 La moitié des employés flamands et bruxellois gagne 3100 euros ou plus], avril 2018
** Lower decile: 2.085€
** Upper decile: 5.350€

User:Youssefsan/book wishlist 2

2025-12-30T13:33:26Z

Youssefsan:

== Data science ==

* David Hand, [ https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Data-What-Dont-Matters-ebook/dp/B07VZWT2R2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2YCN5YS0WKBNL&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Eo9_wQvsAHe2HPmxLzUcD4kzSqk2iwWXO1DKbmsvEZemUVn6c-Kq_T4aXyUpcdi0DIeftCuHrhFYclNqxAgYnL_EqTTO1RO2NuZlDylxclZ-F0I8VTLWbMM49vLm6WuOxdCSRJISqENsGIKT9dvM_e7hY_K_9hC4qD_ssNxnUtaKmNIGhy68yV0JE-BNnnBj-l0uGLeEwfddfeCxXf5GjHlADPdmj204gsImg6Kw5hA.M0w-ElJ9UzGRn3jR6rtLKFq-rJf48zFOAdwoAmqYOBI&dib_tag=se&keywords=dark+data&qid=1752596256&sprefix=dark+dat%2Caps%2C177&sr=8-1 ''Dark Data: Why What You Don’t Know Matters''], 2020

== IT networks ==

* DLFP, [https://linuxfr.org/users/ploploop/journaux/pujoll-ou-tannenbaum ''Journal Pujoll ou Tannenbaum ?''], December 2004
== Python ==

* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Learning Pandas - Python Data Discovery and Analysis Made Easy]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition Paperback]June 24, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/ref=sr_1_17?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-17&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Machine Learning] September 23, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Science-Handbook-Essential/dp/1491912057/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-4&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Data Science Handbook: Essential Tools for Working with Data] 1st Edition, 2017?
* [https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/ref=pd_sim_14_1?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=1449369413&pd_rd_r=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B&pd_rd_w=KVPWk&pd_rd_wg=Q5cUe&psc=1&refRID=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B Introduction to Machine Learning with Python: A Guide for Data Scientists], 1st Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Analysis-Wrangling-IPython/dp/1491957662/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-1&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython], 2nd Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Numpy-Beginners-Guide-Ivan-Idris/dp/1785281968/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-3&keywords=numpy Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition], June 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Fluent-Python-Concise-Effective-Programming/dp/1491946008/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733290&sr=1-8&keywords=numpyFluent Python: Clear, Concise, and Effective Programming 1st Edition], August 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/NumPy-Essentials-Leo-Liang-Huan-Chin/dp/1784393673/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-2&keywords=numpy NumPy Essentials], April 2016

Battery

2025-08-03T14:01:44Z

Youssefsan: /* Other companies */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== History of batteries==

Lead-acid battery, the first rechargeable battery, was invented in 1859 by the French physicist Gaston Planté. In 1881, the French chemical engineer, Camille Alphonse Faure developed an improved version of lead-acid battery.

In 1866, French electrical engineer developped a non-rechargeable battery with a manganese dioxide cathode and zinc anode.

In the 1990s, [[Sony]] commercialized Lithium Ion recheargeable batteries.

== Chemistries ==

Common cathode chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Plants ==

Plants operating in Europe:
* ACC, France
* SAFT (TotalEnergies), France
* [[LG]] Wrocław, Poland. Production started in 2016.

See also: https://www.bestmag.co.uk/battery-gigafactories-facing-a-temporary-dip-or-a-full-scale-crisis/

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

CATL

2025-08-03T12:55:33Z

Youssefsan:

CATL "Contemporary Amperex Technology" is a [[China|Chinese]] [[battery]] manufacturer.

CATL produces [[batteries]] for various car manufacturers such as [[BMW]], [[Stellantis]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Tesla]]

The company develops various technologies such as [[LFP battery|LFP batteries]].

Ohter projects include developping [[battery swapping]].

== LFP batteries ==
'''LFP battery'''
CATL with BYD are the two main manufacturers of LFP batteries.

== Factories ==

CATL and [[Stellantis]] have a joint venture to build an LFP battery plan in [[Figueruelas]], [[Aragon]] ([[Spain]]).

== See also ==
* [[Battery]]

[[category:battery]]

Leapmotor

2025-08-03T12:53:28Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "'''Leapmotor''' is a Chinese manufacturer of electric vehicles See also: *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leapmotor"

'''Leapmotor''' is a [[China|Chinese]] manufacturer of [[electric vehicle]]s

See also:
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leapmotor

Electric vehicle

2025-08-03T12:52:02Z

Youssefsan: Created page with " Vehicle manufacturers: *Leapmotor"

Vehicle manufacturers:

*[[Leapmotor]]

Main Page

2025-08-03T12:51:38Z

Youssefsan: /* Technology and environment */

LFP battery

2025-08-03T12:45:49Z

Youssefsan:

'''Lithium iron phosphate battery''' aka LFP batteries are [[battery|batteries]] using lithium iron [[phosphate]] as cathode.

== Recycling ==

== LFP manufacturers ==

Chinese companies:
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[EVE]]
* [[Gotion High-Tech]]
* [[Great Power]]
* [[Henan Lithium Power Source]]
* [[Jiangxi Anchi New Energy Technology]] (ANC)
* [[Lishen]]
* [[REPT]]
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Non-Chinese companies
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/

== Recycling ==

To recyle LFP batteries, several steps are needed such as pre-treatment and pyro-/hydro-metallurgy.

== See also ==
* [[battery]]
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery

== References ==
* [SD 1] Yunlong Xuet al., [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965262304235X?casa_token=s_qEZWzbDe8AAAAA:saIi8Q_m-r6tRQ_KJzkecl-Pb-_V3ix6xNm1iQ2tP7LvBa2m-cHN6uWGv9ck1X-4KZyZSaUC1g ''Advances and perspectives towards spent LiFePO4 battery recycling''], Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier, January 2024

[[category:battery]]

Battery

2025-07-21T14:51:00Z

Youssefsan: /* Bankrupt companies */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== History of batteries==

Lead-acid battery, the first rechargeable battery, was invented in 1859 by the French physicist Gaston Planté. In 1881, the French chemical engineer, Camille Alphonse Faure developed an improved version of lead-acid battery.

In 1866, French electrical engineer developped a non-rechargeable battery with a manganese dioxide cathode and zinc anode.

In the 1990s, [[Sony]] commercialized Lithium Ion recheargeable batteries.

== Chemistries ==

Common cathode chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Other companies ==

* [[Gotion High-Tech]]

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

CATL

2025-07-21T14:47:25Z

Youssefsan:

CATL "Contemporary Amperex Technology" is a [[China|Chinese]] [[battery]] manufacturer.

CATL produces [[batteries]] for various car manufacturers such as [[BMW]], [[Stellantis]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Tesla]]

The company develops various technologies such as [[LFP battery|LFP batteries]].

Ohter projects include developping [[battery swapping]].

== Factories ==

CATL and [[Stellantis]] have a joint venture to build an LFP battery plan in [[Figueruelas]], [[Aragon]] ([[Spain]]).

== See also ==
* [[Battery]]

[[category:battery]]

BYD

2025-07-21T14:45:47Z

Youssefsan:

'''BYD''' is a [[Chinese]] company producing [[battery|batteries]] and [[electric car]]s. BYD is working car manufacturers such as [[Daimler]], [[Ford]] and [[Toyota]].

== LFP batteries ==
''See also [[LFP battery]]''

BYD produces LFP batteries. The first generation had an energy density of 160 Wh/kg and charging speed of 3C.
BYD announced that second generation will reach 210 Wh/kg, a charging speed of 8C and will be able to sustain 5.000 cycle before losing significant (exact figures not communicatd) capacity . BYD also announed that generatio 2 will be 15% to 20% cheaper (per weight) to produce than the first generation.

== See also ==

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYD_Company

[[category:battery]]

BYD

2025-07-21T14:26:44Z

Youssefsan:

'''BYD''' is a [[Chinese]] company producing [[battery|batteries]] and [[electric car]]s.

== LFP batteries ==
''See also [[LFP battery]]''

BYD produces LFP batteries. The first generation had an energy density of 160 Wh/kg and charging speed of 3C.
BYD announced that second generation will reach 210 Wh/kg, a charging speed of 8C and will be able to sustain 5.000 cycle before losing significant (exact figures not communicatd) capacity . BYD also announed that generatio 2 will be 15% to 20% cheaper (per weight) to produce than the first generation.

== See also ==

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYD_Company

[[category:battery]]

User:Youssefsan/TW

2025-07-20T13:28:53Z

Youssefsan:

Battery background info
* https://www.batterydesign.net/
* https://batteryuniversity.com/

Battery TW

* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/batteries/
* https://forococheselectricos.com/tag/baterias
* https://www.pv-magazine.com/?s=battery
* https://battery-news.de/
* https://batteriesnews.com/
* https://batteryindustry.net/

EV
* https://forococheselectricos.com/
* https://somoselectricos.com/
* https://carnewschina.com/category/electric-vehicles/

* https://electrek.co/
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/electrification/

Power grid
* https://www.utilitydive.com/
* https://www.energias-renovables.com/

Renewables
* https://ember-energy.org/

V2G
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/charging/vehicle-to-grid-v2g/

Battery

2025-07-20T13:26:16Z

Youssefsan:

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== History of batteries==

Lead-acid battery, the first rechargeable battery, was invented in 1859 by the French physicist Gaston Planté. In 1881, the French chemical engineer, Camille Alphonse Faure developed an improved version of lead-acid battery.

In 1866, French electrical engineer developped a non-rechargeable battery with a manganese dioxide cathode and zinc anode.

In the 1990s, [[Sony]] commercialized Lithium Ion recheargeable batteries.

== Chemistries ==

Common cathode chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

LFP battery

2025-07-20T12:27:48Z

Youssefsan:

'''Lithium iron phosphate battery''' aka LFP batteries are [[battery|batteries]] using lithium iron [[phosphate]] as cathode.

== Recycling ==

== LFP manufacturers ==
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

== Recycling ==

To recyle LFP batteries, several steps are needed such as pre-treatment and pyro-/hydro-metallurgy.

== See also ==
* [[battery]]
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery

== References ==
* [SD 1] Yunlong Xuet al., [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965262304235X?casa_token=s_qEZWzbDe8AAAAA:saIi8Q_m-r6tRQ_KJzkecl-Pb-_V3ix6xNm1iQ2tP7LvBa2m-cHN6uWGv9ck1X-4KZyZSaUC1g ''Advances and perspectives towards spent LiFePO4 battery recycling''], Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier, January 2024

[[category:battery]]

Battery

2025-07-20T12:22:05Z

Youssefsan: /* Chemistries */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common cathode chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

User:Youssefsan/TW

2025-07-20T12:19:07Z

Youssefsan:

Batteries

* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/batteries/
* https://forococheselectricos.com/tag/baterias
* https://www.pv-magazine.com/?s=battery
* https://battery-news.de/
* https://batteriesnews.com/
* https://batteryindustry.net/

EV
* https://forococheselectricos.com/
* https://somoselectricos.com/
* https://carnewschina.com/category/electric-vehicles/

* https://electrek.co/
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/electrification/

Power grid
* https://www.utilitydive.com/
* https://www.energias-renovables.com/

Renewables
* https://ember-energy.org/

V2G
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/charging/vehicle-to-grid-v2g/

User:Youssefsan/TW

2025-07-19T10:39:56Z

Youssefsan:

Batteries

* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/batteries/
* https://forococheselectricos.com/tag/baterias
* https://www.pv-magazine.com/?s=battery

EV
* https://forococheselectricos.com/
* https://somoselectricos.com/
* https://carnewschina.com/category/electric-vehicles/

* https://electrek.co/
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/electrification/

Power grid
* https://www.utilitydive.com/
* https://www.energias-renovables.com/

Renewables
* https://ember-energy.org/

V2G
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/charging/vehicle-to-grid-v2g/

Fast charging

2025-07-19T10:38:50Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "== Providers == Company providing or developing fast chargers: * Didi: 1.6 MW (June 2025) * Huwaei: 1.5 MW * Zeekr: 1.2 MW == External links == *CarNewsChina, [..."

== Providers ==
Company providing or developing fast chargers:
* [[Didi]]: 1.6 MW (June 2025)
* [[Huwaei]]: 1.5 MW
* [[Zeekr]]: 1.2 MW

== External links ==

*CarNewsChina, [https://carnewschina.com/2025/07/03/didis-orange-charging-unveils-1600-kw-ultra-fast-charging-pile/ ''Didi’s Orange Charging unveils 1600 kW ultra-fast charging pile''], July 2025

Main Page

2025-07-19T10:35:20Z

Youssefsan: /* Technology and environment */

User:Youssefsan/book wishlist 2

2025-07-19T10:33:00Z

Youssefsan:

== Data science ==

* David Hand, [ https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Data-What-Dont-Matters-ebook/dp/B07VZWT2R2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2YCN5YS0WKBNL&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Eo9_wQvsAHe2HPmxLzUcD4kzSqk2iwWXO1DKbmsvEZemUVn6c-Kq_T4aXyUpcdi0DIeftCuHrhFYclNqxAgYnL_EqTTO1RO2NuZlDylxclZ-F0I8VTLWbMM49vLm6WuOxdCSRJISqENsGIKT9dvM_e7hY_K_9hC4qD_ssNxnUtaKmNIGhy68yV0JE-BNnnBj-l0uGLeEwfddfeCxXf5GjHlADPdmj204gsImg6Kw5hA.M0w-ElJ9UzGRn3jR6rtLKFq-rJf48zFOAdwoAmqYOBI&dib_tag=se&keywords=dark+data&qid=1752596256&sprefix=dark+dat%2Caps%2C177&sr=8-1 ''Dark Data: Why What You Don’t Know Matters''], 2020

== Python ==

* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Learning Pandas - Python Data Discovery and Analysis Made Easy]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition Paperback]June 24, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/ref=sr_1_17?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-17&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Machine Learning] September 23, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Science-Handbook-Essential/dp/1491912057/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-4&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Data Science Handbook: Essential Tools for Working with Data] 1st Edition, 2017?
* [https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/ref=pd_sim_14_1?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=1449369413&pd_rd_r=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B&pd_rd_w=KVPWk&pd_rd_wg=Q5cUe&psc=1&refRID=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B Introduction to Machine Learning with Python: A Guide for Data Scientists], 1st Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Analysis-Wrangling-IPython/dp/1491957662/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-1&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython], 2nd Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Numpy-Beginners-Guide-Ivan-Idris/dp/1785281968/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-3&keywords=numpy Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition], June 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Fluent-Python-Concise-Effective-Programming/dp/1491946008/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733290&sr=1-8&keywords=numpyFluent Python: Clear, Concise, and Effective Programming 1st Edition], August 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/NumPy-Essentials-Leo-Liang-Huan-Chin/dp/1784393673/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-2&keywords=numpy NumPy Essentials], April 2016

User:Youssefsan/book wishlist 2

2025-07-19T10:13:29Z

Youssefsan:

== Data science ==

*

== Python ==

* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Learning Pandas - Python Data Discovery and Analysis Made Easy]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Pandas-Python-Discovery-Analysis/dp/1783985127/ref=sr_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-24&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition Paperback]June 24, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/ref=sr_1_17?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733445&sr=1-17&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Machine Learning] September 23, 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Science-Handbook-Essential/dp/1491912057/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-4&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python Data Science Handbook: Essential Tools for Working with Data] 1st Edition, 2017?
* [https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/ref=pd_sim_14_1?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=1449369413&pd_rd_r=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B&pd_rd_w=KVPWk&pd_rd_wg=Q5cUe&psc=1&refRID=SNT7BZX9AQ9E032VZY7B Introduction to Machine Learning with Python: A Guide for Data Scientists], 1st Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Python-Data-Analysis-Wrangling-IPython/dp/1491957662/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733354&sr=1-1&keywords=numpy&refinements=p_n_feature_browse-bin%3A2656022011 Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython], 2nd Edition
* [https://www.amazon.com/Numpy-Beginners-Guide-Ivan-Idris/dp/1785281968/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-3&keywords=numpy Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition], June 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/Fluent-Python-Concise-Effective-Programming/dp/1491946008/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733290&sr=1-8&keywords=numpyFluent Python: Clear, Concise, and Effective Programming 1st Edition], August 2015
* [https://www.amazon.com/NumPy-Essentials-Leo-Liang-Huan-Chin/dp/1784393673/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1477733236&sr=1-2&keywords=numpy NumPy Essentials], April 2016

Microgrid

2025-07-19T10:10:40Z

Youssefsan:

== External links ==

* IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Dec/Off-grid-Renewable-Energy-Statistics-2024 ''Off-grid Renewable Energy Statistics 2024''], December 2024

Microgrid

2025-07-19T10:10:28Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "== External links == * IRENA, https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Dec/Off-grid-Renewable-Energy-Statistics-2024 ''Off-grid Renewable Energy Statistics 2024'', Decembe..."

== External links ==

* IRENA, [[https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Dec/Off-grid-Renewable-Energy-Statistics-2024 ''Off-grid Renewable Energy Statistics 2024'']], December 2024

Main Page

2025-07-19T10:09:12Z

Youssefsan: /* Technology and environment */

Main Page

2025-07-19T10:09:01Z

Youssefsan: /* Technology and environment */

Chinese

2025-07-19T10:07:58Z

Youssefsan:

== Levels ==

The minisitry of education of China organize Chinese exams: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Shuiping_Kaoshi Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK)]. There were six levels between 2010 and 2021.

For the new HSK, see:
* https://studycli.org/hsk/the-new-hsk/

== Hanzis ==

To go from one HSK level to the next one, you will need each time to know more hanzis. Here are the requirements per HSK level valide till 2021:
* HSK 1: 174 hanzis (150 words)
* HSK 2: 347 hanzis (300 words)
* HSK 3: 617 hanzis (600 words)
* HSK 4: 1064 hanzis (1200 words). Reaching HSK4 takes approximately 1.000 -1.200 hours for a Western European depending starting from scratch.* HSK 5: 1685 hanzis (2500 words)
* HSK 6: 3663 hanzis (5000 words)

According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters#Chinese Wikipedia], literate indivuals know between 3.000 and 4.000 hanzis and specialists in classic litterature or history know between 5.000 and 6.000 hanzis.

According to [Jia Jia ], the number of hanzis to understand texts is as following:
* 400 hanzis: 70%
* 600 hanzis: 80%
* 1.000 hanzis: 90%
* 2.000 hanzis: 97%
* 2.500 hanzis: 98.5%
* 4.500 hanzis: 99.5%

For the new HSK, see:
* https://studycli.org/hsk/the-new-hsk/

== Schools ==

[[Brussels]]:
* Belchin/Confucius
* Berlitz
* [http://www.cccbrussels.be/fr/cours/cours-de-langue-chinoise Centre culturel de Chine à Bruxelles]
* [https://www.epfc.eu/formations/9-formations-langues/20-chinois.html EPFC]
* [https://www.hutong-school.com/fr/prix-des-cours-de-chinois-à-bruxelles Hutong School]
* [http://www.cours-de-chinois.be/cours.html Sophie Wang], 35€/hour
* [https://coursdelangues.mariehaps.be/Pages/Portail/PortailContenuVisualiser.aspx?id=65 Marie Haps], also [https://coursdelangues.mariehaps.be/Pages/Portail/PortailContenuVisualiser.aspx?id=9 private courses]

Rhodes-Saint-Genèse
* [https://www.gltt.be/fr/cours/cours-de-langues/chinois GLTT]

China:
*https://studycli.org/learn-chinese-online/

== On-line classes ==

* https://studycli.org/learn-chinese-online/
Other on-line:
* [[Italki]]

== Phonetics ==

* [[Coursera]], [https://www.coursera.org/learn/hsk-1/supplement/FKZzg/pronunciation-of-initials Pronunciation of initials]

== Youtube ==

== Youssefsn's preferred channels ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/@LittleFoxChinese Little Fox Chinese] The channels is dedicated for kids. It hosts songs, cartoons and traditional stories such ''[[The journey to the West]]''. Videos are relatively short (e.g., approximately 6 min for the Journey to the West) and are subtitled with [[hanzi]]s. Some videos are uploaded in [[Lingq]]. The channel is good for intermediate students.

== Other ==
Healthy food and healthy living
* https://www.youtube.com/@DrWuHerbs
* [https://www.youtube.com/@kathrineslifehacks5186 ''凯瑟琳的日常骇客｜Kathrine's life hacks'']

Video for begginers

* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-Hah5R7xxdrbqDqAm8eWTQ ChineseCorner

Youtube channels for intermediates
* [https://www.youtube.com/@MandarinCorner2 ''Mandarin Corner'']

General:
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdN1E56HH_UK7HSV0UFxDdQ MandarinChineseSchool.com
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb_VywVZDG2TWhVh-2mwqeQ learnchinesewithemma
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtjhXzMNWJxcytxa7kkAH5Q learnchinesenow
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJhnlRY-oKpanPGSvL8Ml8Q Learn Chinese with ChineseClass101.com
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/SWv6pFGbGn7Gc Learn Chinese
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEb0ml4hMxQuTLiGxhLrBQ chinesewithmike
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsDW61j9HSMD-F22rWy2jnA ChineseTutoring's channel
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVB514d4BUFeNBFCRJHjFLA Dani Wang
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7p25TOWL50s3_hPV6P1pSg ActiveChinese
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWj1OfPNP69PRFjbE2DKokA MinnaXiao 的频道
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc9NPKTjdpsX_Zotf8poseA Mini Bambous
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPUcnh4zOQnAL_lsVKl2blQ PeggyTeachesChinese
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSJyGe2H0C9q6QH0-hH04zw Yangyang Cheng
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFneLrshlpAI7mglLa2DwEg touchchinese
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpK3GToy6qZjRZgq7zxYiBg Cédric Beau
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTnH_9RGtmAVqDeKP64lMqw Ecom Chinese
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIGTEHLwMRMc2GZoKeKGOFQ EmmaXueTV
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFDzdl3I5-Js1sREQU0FPvA yuanyuanify
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfg3PzbX9-2fgIF3DSIi95w ilovechinesecn
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXw3ChmFwveln69NbAUHVSQ LearnToSpeakMandarin
* https://www.youtube.com/@learnchinesenow/videos Learn Chinese Now

Intermediate level
* [https://www.youtube.com/@YangyangCheng/videos ''Yoyo Chinese'']

Transportation
* Learn Mandarin Chinese, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z--Lw0Kolqk&ab_channel=EverydayChinese ''Take Transportation in Chinese - Transport Vocabulary & Phrase'']

Advances level videos:
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZZslGLyRd2rbnF07SVoouA 老外看中國、老外看台灣 | A Laowai's View of China & Taiwan | 郝毅博 Ben Hedges
* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiI7LgeMAVrImm4Osp8saWA 媯古紫

== Documents with translations ==
* IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Nov/World-Energy-Transitions-Outlook-2024-ZH ''2024 年世界能源转型展望：1.5°C 途径''], November 2024

== References ==

* [Jia Jia] Jia Jia-Pentzek&Marcus Pentzek, Chinese Besser Lernen, 2019

[[category:language]]

Battery

2025-07-15T16:13:23Z

Youssefsan: /* LFP manufacturers */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

LFP battery

2025-07-15T16:13:20Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "'''Lithium iron phosphate battery''' aka LFP batteries are batteries using lithium iron phosphate as cathode. == Recycling == == LFP manufacturers == * BY..."

User:Youssefsan/TW

2025-07-15T16:09:56Z

Youssefsan:

Batteries

* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/batteries/
* https://forococheselectricos.com/tag/baterias
* https://www.pv-magazine.com/?s=battery

EV
* https://forococheselectricos.com/
* https://somoselectricos.com/

* https://electrek.co/
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/electrification/

Power grid
* https://www.utilitydive.com/
* https://www.energias-renovables.com/

Renewables
* https://ember-energy.org/

V2G
* https://www.evengineeringonline.com/category/charging/vehicle-to-grid-v2g/

Spain

2025-07-15T16:06:28Z

Youssefsan:

== Storage ==
* 110 MWh of storage for grid connected PV was installed in 2024 based on UNEF data [PV-M 1].

== High speed train ==

* https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_velocidad_ferroviaria_en_España
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HighSpeedSpain.svg

== References ==

* [PV-M 1], [https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/07/04/spain-pairs-battery-storage-with-26-of-new-rooftop-pv-systems-in-2024/ ''Spain pairs battery storage with 26% of new rooftop PV systems in 2024''], July 2025

VRB

2025-07-15T15:48:40Z

Youssefsan:

'''Vanadium (redox) battery''' ('''VRB''') aka ''vanadium redox flow'e' ('''VRF''') are a type of [[battery]] based on [[vanadium]]

In June 2025, the deployment of a VRB of 200 MW/1 GWh combined with 1 GW PV [[Xinjiang]] (North West of [[China]]) was announced [PVM 1]. The projected costed 520 million USD. Xinjing is a relatively sparsely populated region with 25 million inhabitants and an area of 1.7 million square km.

Pros
* self-discharge
* depth of discharge
* fire risks
* long life cycle

Cons
* large tanks
* pumping systems
* lower round-trip efficiency
* limited number of deployments compared to LiOn batteries
* price volatility linked to price of vanadium

== Applications ==

One niche applications could be long term storage (>4hours).
== See also==
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium_redox_battery

== References ==

* [PVM 1] PV-Magazine, [https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/07/04/worlds-largest-vanadium-flow-battery-goes-online-in-china/ ''World’s largest vanadium flow battery goes online in China''], June 2025

[[category:battery]]

VRB

2025-07-13T15:22:38Z

Youssefsan: Created page with "'''Vanadium (redox) battery''' ('''VRB''') aka ''vanadium redox flow'e' ('''VRF''') are a type of battery based on vanadium In June 2025, the deployment of a VRB of 2..."

Battery

2025-07-13T14:25:37Z

Youssefsan: /* Parameters */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

== LFP manufacturers ==
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

== Bankrupt companies ==
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Battery

2025-07-13T14:25:14Z

Youssefsan: /* Chemistries */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters ==

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

LFP manufacturers
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Bankrupt companies
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Battery

2025-07-13T14:25:03Z

Youssefsan: /* Chemistries */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111]], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

LFP manufacturers
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Bankrupt companies
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Battery

2025-07-13T13:48:28Z

Youssefsan: /* Chemistries */

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[NiMh]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

LFP manufacturers
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Bankrupt companies
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Battery

2025-07-13T13:17:08Z

Youssefsan:

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

== Chemistries ==

Common chemistries
* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

Other chemistries:

* [[lead acid]]
* [[lithium air]]
* [[nick cadmium]]
* [[molten salt]]

== Parameters

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

LFP manufacturers
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Bankrupt companies
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Battery

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Youssefsan:

An '''electric battery''' is a device that transform chemical energy into electric energy in both directions. It serves to store electric energy by transforming electric energy into chemical energy when it is relatively easy/cheap and release (by transforming back chemical energy into electric energy) it when it is relatively expensive or more needed.

Battery are part of battery energy storage system ([[BESS]]): a combination of a battery, power [[inverter]]s, battery management system ([[BMS]]) and energy management system [[EMS]]. Other components may include: thermal regulation system,fire protection, electric protection, transformers.

Chemistries

* [[LFP battery|LFP]]: lithium iron phosphate
* [[LTO battery|LTO]]
* [[NCA]]: lithium nickel Cobalt aluminum oxide

* [[NMC]]: lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Variant include: [[NMC111], [[NMC622]], [[NMC811]]
* [[SIB]] aka NIB: sodium ion
* [[VRB]] aka VFB: vanadium (redox) flow

In 2022, LFP, NCA and NMC622 were among the most common chemistries used for electric cars in the European Union [JRC 1]

== Parameters

Key parameters for a battery:
* rated power [kW]
* rated capacity [kWh]
* [[C-rate]]
* [[depth of discharge]]
* [[state of charge]]

Other parameters
* self-discharge
* cycle life (cycle lifetime) and aeging
* cost
* carbon footprint
* impact on critical materials
* impact on local economy
* safety

Parameters for a BESS:
* round-trip efficiency

Other chemistries

* [[lead acid]]
* [[nick cadmium]]

LFP manufacturers
* [[BYD]]
* [[CATL]]
* [[ElevenES]],Serbian company, https://elevenes.com/
* [[SVOLT]], SVolt Energy Technology, Chinese company
* [[Zeekr]], brand of Geely (Chinese company)

Bankrupt companies
* [[Northvolt]], US Chapter 11 in 2024 and bankrupcy in 2025 in [[Sweden]].

== Regulations ==
''todo''

EU:
* [[battery directive]]

== Standards ==
''todo''

Safety
* [[IEC 62619]]:2022, ''Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications'', [https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 link IEC]
* [[UL 1642]], see [https://www.compliancegate.com/ul-1642/ ''UL 1642 Lithium Batteries Standard: An Overview'']
* [[UL 1973]]
* [[UL 9540A]], ''UL 9540A Test Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)'' [https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/PDFS/FEMPODW071_slidedeck.pdf link UL]

== Safety ==
''todo''

== References ==
* [JRC 1] JRC, [https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130724 ''Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Batteries for Energy Storage in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets''], 2022

[[category:energy]]

Demographics

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Youssefsan:

Country overview:
* [[Portugal]]

Energy transition
* IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Oct/Renewable-energy-and-jobs-Annual-review-2024 ''Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review 2024''], October 2024

See also:

* [[shrinking city|shrinking cities]]

[[category:demographics]]

Critical material

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Youssefsan: Created page with "See also: *IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Oct/IRENA_Ranking_critical_materials_for_the_energy-transition_2024.pdf ''Constructing a ..."

See also:

*IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Oct/IRENA_Ranking_critical_materials_for_the_energy-transition_2024.pdf ''Constructing a ranking of critical materials for the global energy transition''], 2024

Main Page

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Mozambique

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Youssefsan:

== Demographics ==
* IESE, [https://www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/livros/des2011/IESE_Des2011_10.MtsFil.pdf ''Ter Muitos Filhos Desafios para Moçambique PRINCIPAl FORMA DE PROTECÇÃO SOCIAL NUMA TRANSIÇÃO DEMOGRÁFICA INCIPIENTE'']

== Electricity ==

* IRENA, [https://www.irena.org/Publications/2025/Jan/Enhancing-healthcare-delivery-in-Mozambique ''Electrification with renewables: Enhancing healthcare delivery in Mozambique''], January 2025

== Visa ==
* https://ambassademozambiquefrance.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/BR_63_I_SERIE_2023-2.pdf

Battery

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Youssefsan: /* Standards */

Battery

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Youssefsan: /* Standards */

Battery

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Battery

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Youssefsan: /* Regulations */